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The cost of the banking relationship varies greatly from country to country in Europe, but there are reasons for this. That is the conclusion of the study in seven European countries by Bain & Company at the request of the French Banking Federation. Customers French banks not to complain: France is just below the European average in terms of pricing, with an index 95. While other countries are better off. This is the case of Germany (91), Belgium (80) and especially the Netherlands (70). But France is still cheaper than Italy (149), that Spain (107) or the United Kingdom (107).

Packages in the crosshairs

"In France, loans are not expensive. But the price of the bank on a daily basis is higher than the European average, "notes Nicolas Liolakis, partner at Bain.Overdraft fees, prices of the means of payment and other fees related to account maintenance proved higher in France and the Netherlands, Belgium and even in the UK. What grist to the mill consumer groups who denounce service pricing too expensive. The debate was launched this summer with the publication of the report Pauget-Constans. Emphasis was placed initially on the need to reduce the bill payment incidents for the frail. Already, Christine Lagarde, Minister of Economics who had commissioned the report, has asked banks to make efforts to improve transparency.

In the line of sight, the "packages", these packages collected monthly, considered more opaque and sometimes more expensive than the card billing.It was thanks to these packages, launched in 1990, that Credit Agricole, Societe Generale and BNP Paribas other muscles had reached the profitability of their retail banking, also undermined by fierce competition that 'they are engaged on credit. By comparison, British banks take, they, the bulk of their income on credit margins, very expensive in the UK. But the study emphasizes, as with any business service, attention to value for money: the French have, in particular, a mesh of branches among the densest in Europe combined with a high accessibility of the bank distance.

Elsewhere, it is rather one or the other. In the Netherlands, for example, the network, sparse, is complemented by a high rate of customers using Internet banking or telephone.In Spain, the opposite is true: customers enjoy the largest number of bank branches compared to the number of inhabitants and very little use of remote services.

Note also that France ranks well ahead in terms of financial counselors, both in their number and their training. In France, there are 176 client advisors for 100,000 customers, against 114 in the Netherlands and 99 in the United Kingdom. When 60% of advisors dedicated to French individuals claiming a degree, they are less than 20% in Spain.

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As with fast payday loans, this recently used to be the case, but competitive lenders and higher demand has taken this loan type to mainstay levels.

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The battle really begins Tuesday pensions. Face-to-face? Eric Woerth, Minister of Labour in charge of the case, weakened, will defend his bill to the House in the face of opposition members reassembled. The same day, the unions united to call the French an opportunity to mobilize against the reform.

The stakes are high. The unions are convinced that the number of protesters – they drew between 800,000 and 1.9 million people on June 24 – will the government's response. "There will be many people because it is an important reform," confirmed Eric Woerth. But unlikely that the response along the lines of what the unions want. Claude Gueant, the secretary general of the Elysee, was very clear on this point yesterday on Europe 1.

"The background of the reform can not change," he hammered on the pretext that "this reform is necessary."And the right arm of the Head of State noted that "the government will certainly put forward during the debate" on the issues of "arduous, long career and polypensionnés. In short, the subjects left open to discussion after the presentation of the June 16 bill and whose unions should know the methods "in the course of the week." They should have an overview Tuesday evening as Eric Woerth is the guest log TF1. The objective is clear: give them a little time to think before their meeting scheduled on Wednesday afternoon to determine the appropriate action to mobilize.

Four active for a retiree

No question, therefore, to revisit the key measure of the bill: the passage of 60-62 years of age of retirement. All Western countries have reached the age slider to balance their pension plans.The diagnosis is the same everywhere: the combined effect of demographic changes and the lengthening of life expectancy is jeopardizing the future of our pensions. In 1950, there were seven active for a retiree in the OECD countries, against four to one today and two in 2050 for a payday loans. The crisis and the soaring deficits have made more acute the need for reform.

Solutions adopted everywhere? The increase in the number of years to reach a full pension and the decline of the legal age of retirement, is exactly the path followed by France, but in even greater proportions. Under pressure from the IMF, Greece has increased the number of installments for five years and passed by 2015 the retirement age to 63 years.Even shock therapy in Spain and Germany, where the retirement age will gradually wedge to 67 years.

Another trend is to align the system of women than men. This is the case in Portugal, Italy and Britain, where the difference between women (60 years) and men (65 years) will be removed and the age increased to 68 years in 2045!

Other foreign education reforms: the relative political consensus in which they were conducted. The German reform of 2007 has been adopted by a large coalition including conservatives and Social Democrats. "The advantage of the German system is that it is very empowering," says economist Jacques Bichot. Everyone chooses their dates of departure and receive a pension based. "

Same in Sweden, where the age limit has simply vanished.In the Scandinavian system, each has a "virtual account that accumulates points throughout the career. Each year, the Swedes are an orange envelope that indicates the amount of their pension calculated on the basis of life expectancy, economic growth and respect for the system's financial balance.

Needless to say that France is an exception with its 60 years of age and 58.7 years of actual age, the lowest in the OECD. Better, it is also in France that we spend as much time in retirement: 24.5 years in 2007, against 19.8 on average in the European Union and 14 in Japan, the lowest.

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The crisis has not spared Burger King, the second fast-food chain in the United States. The steamroller of burgers, present in all U.S. states and 75 countries, with over 12,000 restaurants, would consider themselves to sell. The Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the matter, Burger King has begun discussions with several investment companies in recent weeks.

The British firm 3i Group would be in the running, sources said. The content of the talks is still uncertain, however, and it is not certain to lead to a sale of the fast food chain.

This is not the first time, however, that Burger King changed hands. In 2002, a team led by TPG Capital LLC, Bain Capital and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners bought the company for $ 1.5 billion to Diageo, the British beverage giant.They still own 32% of the chain and have a representation of weight on the board of directors, said the Wall Street Journal.

Listed on the Stock Exchange since 2006, Burger King has a market capitalization of about $ 2.26 billion. The information has not been commented on by the American channel, or by 3i Group, said the newspaper said.

Sales at half

Still, that Burger King has trouble getting out of the financial crisis. The fast-food chain has published its 2009/2010 annual results last week. Verdict: The group's worldwide sales have shrunk by 2.3% in 2009/2010, after a slight increase of 1.2% the previous year. The sales that have slumped particularly in North America (U.S. and Canada), where they lost 3.9%. The annual turnover of the group stood at $ 2.5 billion, down 1% from last year.

"During fiscal 2010, we faced the maintenance of high unemployment and a fragile world economy, a combination that has made this year one of the worst in recent history, in environmental terms economy, "commented Group CEO John Chidsey, the reported results.

McDonald's in great shape

An environment that does not seem to affect the group's main rival, the leader McDonald's. The latter announced early August that its global sales had flown by 7% a year in July. Its sales jumped 5.7% in the U.S., 5.3% in Europe and 10.1% in the Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa.

In France, QUALIUM Investment Management Company (formerly CDC CI), a subsidiary of Caisse des Depots, have finally decided to keep its stake in the fast food chain Quick, after considering its sale last spring, reported The Tribune last week. Despite the crisis, the brand continued to grow in 2009. Its sales rose 3.7% in volume, for a value of 925.7 million euros.

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The last day of the week rhyme with caution. The CAC 40, which opened on a drop of 0.42% to 3460.35 points, still yielding 0.29% to 3464.81 points shortly after noon. The German Dax loose just 0.07% to 5908.72 points while the FTSE in London fell by 0.10% to 5150.67 points.

Markets follow the footsteps of Asian stock market this morning, had a very volatile sessions. In fact, dominates the wait before the publication of the second estimate of U.S. GDP in the early afternoon and the index of consumer sentiment across the Atlantic.

Add to this the intervention of the President of the U.S. central bank, Ben Bernanke.In a speech that will be closely watched by global markets, it will review the state of the global economy.

On Wall Street Thursday, the two markets already anticipated bad news, including a possible downward revision of GDP and a speech even more pessimistic than previous ones in terms of bad statistics released in recent weeks. The surprise drop in unemployment registration Weekly announced yesterday was not enough to support the Dow Jones finished below 10,000 points.European shares managed to stay in the green but have erased some of their gains late in the day.

Side currencies this morning, the euro was rising against the dollar (0.17%) to 1.2722 dollars in morning trading but came down a little mid-day at 1.2708 euros.

Publications honored

Essilor (-2.24% to 47.120 euros) issued before market net income group share down 1.3% to 197.5 million euros.The world leader in ophthalmic optics, however, confirms its growth target of 5 to 7% of its turnover this year, and a stable operating margin over the rate of 18.2% achieved last year .

Autoroutes Paris-Rhin-Rhone (APRR: + 0.04%) will release its second quarter results after market close on Friday.

Several groups have also published their results Thursday after market:

Lagardere (-1.43% to 28.86 euros) has raised its target of annual operating profit on the basis of a continued upturn in the advertising market.Arnaud Lagardere also said that Canal + France would be introduced on the stock market probably in early 2011.

Stallergenes (1.69% to 57.13 euros) published interim results up and confirmed it expects for 2010 a growth of over 10% of its business and a "significant increase" in operating margin , which was 16.7% in 2009.

Formageries Bel (3.31%) reported sharply higher results in the first half but warned that the rising price of milk in France contribute to the decline in operating margin in the second half.

Bongrain (-0.04%) announced that has released its interim results were up sharply but warned that second half was not as favorable.

Etam (3.24%) reported Thursday a jump in operating profit in the first half thanks in particular to China, but also an increase in its debt.

La Poste wants to join Vivendi

The Post announced Thursday that entered into exclusive negotiations with SFR, the telecommunications subsidiary of Vivendi (1.67% to 17.655 euros) to launch a mobile telephony offer under its brand.

GDF Suez (-0.08% to 24.32 euros) will find a new site to build a power plant in Chile, a project of approximately 865 million euros questioned because of the proximity of the initial site with a nature reserve.

Atos Origin (-1.05% to 30.245 euros) Thursday announced the acquisition of 100% of the shares of Venture Infotek, a leading company operating in the Indian market for means of payment.

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While the European equity markets are struggling. But the values related to the construction sector underperforming the broad market on Tuesday. In case, a warning from the Irish group CRH: the largest producer of asphalt in the United States said it expected eventually to a 10% drop in profits for the year 2010 due to the fragility of the U.S. economic recovery.

Obviously, the penalty was not built until the stock market: shares tumble 16% HRA on the square in Dublin. And in its wake, Saint-Gobain and Lafarge, respectively dropping 5.43% and 4.94% and position themselves behind the curve on the CAC 40. Bouygues sold him, 3.65%. In Switzerland, Holcim loose 2.3%, while the pan-European Stoxx 600 index sector yield 4.2%.

Tough competition

Myles Lee, the CEO of HRA, said that the performance of the U.S. economy are "not good", but anticipate relapse into recession. "The economic news from the United States are disappointing and below expectations. It now seems clear that the economic recovery there, even if it occurs, will not be as strong than expected, "he said on Irish TV channel RTE.

Its chief financial officer, Albert Manifold, said his side as the weakness of the commercial construction activity and delayed investments of state and local governments in the United States had generated sales below expectations July and August, usually two months porters.

In addition, pressure on margins is increasing, so that several competitors are trying to reduce their prices, "said HRC.

Commodity prices and budgetary discipline

Harry Sebag, an analyst at Saxo Bank, explains that "businesses have impacted their margins and cut prices to gain market share." Already weakened, companies are also facing the weaker euro and higher commodity prices, driven by demand from emerging countries, which darken the outlook for the sector. Fiscal rectitude who moved to Europe and hence lower investment in construction, does shoved a bit more nail.

For the construction specialist in Europe, Euroconstruct, the sector should not resume until 2012.Particularly affected by the gloomy atmosphere, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal.

In France, since the beginning of the year, Lafarge has won over 37% in stock, Saint-Gobain, 24%, French Cement declined 19%, Vinci, Bouygues 14% and 12%.

A monitor, tomorrow, Wednesday, sales of new homes in the United States, which fall in the afternoon. On Tuesday, the bad news on the front sales of existing homes of great concern.

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LG Electronics has just been invented the first mobile phone with touchscreen, the LG Prada, launched before the popular iPhone, the "chaebol" in South Korea suffered severely in smartphones. The reverse is so severe that the heart of summer, Chang Ma, Vice President Marketing of LG mobile phones, announces the method to return the game "At the end of the year to compete with our rivals, we launch ten smartphones, "said the official, the Wall Street Journal. These smart mobile phones will be launched under the brand Optimus, already used for several months, which will benefit from a dusting. The first aircraft, which will work with the Android OS from Google, will be offered in September. Called Optimus One, it should be distributed by 120 operators worldwide.This will be a smartphone that will allow customers to traditional mobile phones to get into the deep end of the mobile Internet, the official said. With these new products, LG hopes to sell 5 million of its smartphones by the end of the year in the United States.

The major challenge is the world's number three mobile phones that had succeeded, in 2009, establishing itself as the second mark on the U.S. market. In the second quarter of 2010, the dynamic segment of smartphones, which increased 50% to 61.6 million units, its market share was only 1.2% of the second quarter, according to research firm Gartner.

Above all, not a wide enough range, "the average revenue per mobile phone from LG has declined 27.8%," said Carolina Milanesi, analyst at Gartner. The group of Seoul has sought to gain market share at the expense of margins.This strategy has not worked. The division in mobile phones from LG has posted its biggest loss in eight years, in the second quarter, which has plunged to third profits of the chaebol.

Offering more than iPad

And for all mobile phones, LG has shown a decline in sales volume (from 30.5 to 29.4 million units) and market share (10.7% to 9%). The group has suffered, in addition, poor strategic bet. LG had, in fact, intend to become the leading partner of Microsoft. But LG has played the wrong horse: Google has more than RIM and Apple in the United States.

In addition, the market share of Windows Mobile has been halved over one year, falling to 5% of smartphones, say the experts.The weight of Microsoft could again later in the year with the launch of a next version.

Meanwhile, like HTC, Samsung, Motorola and SonyEricsson, LG focuses on Google's Android. The software group in Mountain View will also be used for its next internet tablet, promised for the end of the year. It will have "new functions" compared to the iPad, including "video editing and content creation," the official said the Wall Street Journal.

For now, KT, the largest operator in South Korea announced Friday that it will market in the coming days Enspert Internet tablet developed by a South Korean company specialized in September and that of Samsung. The Apple iPad should be proposed before the end of the year, such as LG.Most manufacturers are penalized by the late arrival of Microsoft in operating systems for low cost internet tablets.

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LE FIGARO. – How do you improve your sales and your profits in the first half?

Benoît Potier. – It's an interesting semester. It marks both a recovery in volumes directly linked to the global economy and an upturn in industrial projects. The industry again expressed his interest in the preparation of the future.

We found the pre-crisis levels in virtually all market segments. Only construction accuses six to twelve months behind schedule. Offset restart cycles. Overall, growth in volumes that logically resulted in 10% of our turnover, which grows in all businesses and geographies. However, Air Liquide is one of the industries that were more resistant, with a decline of only 5% in 2009. Moreover, our turnover is 4% higher than the first half of 2008.In this period of euphoria that some groups show up to 30% growth, it is important to see what is the basis for comparison. Our results were up 12% over the same period in 2008.

You can find levels of profitability higher than pre-crisis. Your business has changed significantly in two years?

There is a real disconnect between emerging and mature economies. Our sales increased by 6% in mature economies and 30% in emerging which represent 20% "only" the activity of the group, or two thirds of our growth. In twelve months, the distribution of our investments has changed structurally. It went from 50/50 between emerging and mature to 80/20.However, be careful not to bury the mature markets, growth of 6% is good, there are many industries that satisfied with them.

But to give you an example, our sales in China in the first half of 2010 rose 65% and they had also increased last year. China is catching up with the level of industrialized countries in streamlining its industry. There is no excess production capacity. Typically, we have seen closure of four sites steelmakers, grouped into a larger one. The latter now invests in technology and modern capabilities. All the industrial world benefit.

Chemistry, property and equipment, how do you explain that the whole industry registered a sharp improvement in its growth and profitability?

The crisis has hit so hard that companies do not have any choice.They had to rest fundamental questions about their structures, their capacity, so their exposure to market, their management parameters. I think all industries are now much stronger than before the crisis. Faced with problems of liquidity and access to financing, companies have strengthened their balance sheets. Their debts are either stable – for those who invest and continue to grow, it is the case of Air Liquide – is declining.

What do you recommend to stop the loss of competitiveness of French industry?

It is a vast subject. The ideal solutions for the industry have not yet been found in Europe and in different countries. Whether as a planned or coordinated, it seems that Europe has not sufficiently defined what strategies or industrial sectors in which it wants to occupy a leadership position.It means rather the leaders speak on a national solution, which is logical, but we do not have European body for industrial communication, unlike the U.S., China and Japan which are three countries integrated and better than us in the definition of industrial strategy. We are losing a major card: The strength in unity. In addition it must maintain a production base in Europe, since that's where ideas materialize. Without production, we have more innovation, but only for research.

European standards they penalize the industry?

Europe does not want to be a hindrance, but it seems to suffer from the narrowness of the missions that have been determined in different organs. The European Central Bank is there to control inflation while the Fed has a wider role.The European Commission organizes the market, ensures fluidity but has no mandate to make Europe competitive beyond its borders. It does not take sufficient account of the external markets. The European institutions can improve.

What makes you confident for the end of the year and may be beyond?

The resumption of growth projects. Signing of contracts shows that the client is ready to commit and so are we. Every time we sign a contract, we bring a stone to the growth of 2012-2013, or even 2015.

You do not fear a relapse of the economy?

The answer is clear: no. We have seen nothing that points in the first half as a direct risk. Since the crisis, we follow the weekly volume of gas consumed by our customers.In case of "double deep", it would stop producing customers, making maintenance. This is not the case. The situation is normal. It must occur because the world consumes. We are almost out of the zone of turbulence to go toward growth, even if the signal "attached belt" remains lit.

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A Virgin store in the heart of a Carrefour hypermarket? As of August 25, the sign of cultural goods will fetch the radius culture Crossroads Venissieux, a suburb of Lyon. "It installs a true Virgin of 300 square meters, which is the format of our stores in train stations and airports, says the Figaro Jean-Noel Reinhardt, CEO of Virgin Stores. The furniture is furniture Virgin, SEO will be managed by our own sales force. "

Virgin does not just manage the music department, as revealed in early July challenges.fr. The competitor Fnac will turn all the knobs. Carrefour will be delegated as 100% concession for the management of the entire radius culture (books, music and video) off the video games. Virgin and Carrefour have talked for eight months before signing the partnership. "We give a year, said Jean-Noel Reinhardt.If it works, we can decide with Carrefour to deploy the concept in other supermarkets. "

The approach, which aims to "re-enchant" the hypermarket, will allow Carrefour to boost its sales in non-food, fell 5% last year. Such a partnership will allow Carrefour to unload a radius deemed difficult by assigning responsibility to a specialist.

Discussion with SFR

"It's a win-win solution for Virgin and Carrefour, said Jean-Noel Reinhardt. We bring the legitimacy of our brand that appeals to young people. Carrefour, meanwhile, makes us very important benefit of the flow of its customers. "

Along the same lines, other "stores in the store" could be introduced in Carrefour hypermarkets.According to our information, Carrefour declined to comment, and discussions are well advanced with SFR, which could establish phone shops. Other partnerships could be concluded in the arts of the table, with the leader Arc International, or in video games, with Micromania.

The formula of the concession, in which Carrefour Virgin donate a percentage of its revenues, will allow Carrefour to reduce its costs and thus improve its performance. Incidentally, it will also give him the opportunity to redeploy staff to other departments or even reduce the staffing of the culture, both in stores and at headquarters of the distributor, where hundreds of people working on the offer non-food.For its part, Virgin is a way to revitalize its network (30 megastores and six stores in train stations and airports) by increasing sales at lower cost. "The company has developed a range of creative hobbies more interesting than the Fnac, is Thoumine Lawrence, a consultant at Kurt Salmon. But the initiative of Carrefour is presented more as a response to cultural spaces Leclerc, growing steadily for 10 years and the concept works pretty well, an attack against the Fnac. "

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LE FIGARO. – How do you exercise stress test which is to engage Europe?

Baudouin PROT. – The resistance tests show that European banks are sound and well capitalized. They were conducted using a common methodology and from economic scenarios comparable, if not more stringent than the scenarios used in a similar exercise conducted in spring 2009 by the Americans. These results should put an end to a period of unfounded concern about the health of the European banking system. However, it is essential to economic life that banks trust.

What do you think the score of French banks?

They have passed the test with flying colors.Three reasons: they entered the crisis well capitalized, they have weathered the crisis better than others and have significantly increased their capital by allocating a significant portion of their results for two years. In the end, and in the worst case scenario, the excess equity that French banks compared to the waterline defined by European regulators reached 70 billion euros. This is all the more remarkable that almost all French banks have repaid the government aid, while still 180 billion euros in state support in the European banking system.This is good news for France: our banks are more than ever to finance projects of their clients.

What lessons learned, while the Basel Committee on Banking seems to require more capital?

The French banks have for long argued that, compared to the level reached today, a massive build new capital would be unnecessary and inappropriate. The results of stress tests clearly support this point. Europe needs just as much vigor and rigor, when the economy picks up in many parts of the world. It should not be an excessive overinvestment reduces the ability of all its banks to finance the economy and thus stimulate growth. The decisions to be taken in Basel, the Financial Stability Forum and ultimately to the G20 in November in Seoul, are, for me, a historical significance.Europe must become fully aware of its core strategic interests and defend them.

You leave the presidency of the French Banking Federation at the end of a busy year. What are your reasons for satisfaction?

Both at the heart of the crisis in 2009 that since the beginning of 2010, French banks have never stopped doing their job, providing their customers with the relationship and funding the economy. If the overall image of the banks has suffered, the satisfaction rate of customers vis-à-vis their own bank remained above 80%. This shows the quality of the device relational French banks, through a dense network of trained counselors. Now they have stopped investing in this device even though it is already higher than other European countries cash advance loan.The pace of 30,000 hires per year in IFA has been maintained in 2009 despite the crisis, and will be again in 2010.

A tough job, with advisers attacked by customers …

These difficulties were at their peak a year ago. Since the relational climate has thankfully subsided in the agencies. And with the executive committee of the FBF, we conducted many meetings with regional business leaders in recent weeks: I also note a positive trend in relations. All this is explained by the fact that growth in France in outstanding bank credit to individuals and SMEs is the best in Europe. In late May, outstanding housing loans grew by 5.1%, those SMEs 3.8%, a record in recent times.The latest survey also shows that Oseo the cost of credit, which was an obstacle to investment for 48% of SMEs in November 2008, the remaining 23% only. French SMEs also benefit from a lower cost of credit watch on the European average.

Financial reforms, on both sides of the Atlantic, you feel they fit well?

French banks are convinced that regulatory changes are needed to draw lessons from the financial crisis. That being said, we must make the right decisions. The Anglo-Saxons tend to give undue weight to the ratios, when the quality of supervision is essential. In France, a single supervisor effective – which is still being enhanced – and bank officials have avoided the bad loans that have cost so dear to the American community.The situation is very different.

The paradox is that U.S. banks, causing excesses, emerge from the crisis stronger …

I note that U.S. banks are the only ones to have massively increased their size in their market after the crisis, with the help of taxpayer elsewhere. The crisis resulted in a wave of bank mergers that made JPMorgan, Wells Fargo or Bank of America mastodons much more impressive than before. At the same time, few European banks have grown. Moreover, while all the 13,000 European banks are subject to Basel II since 2008, U.S. banks do not always apply.It is difficult to accept that capital requirements are influenced by demands of countries we are not sure they apply the rules in the same way that European banks.

Added to the tax systems …

The fact that France, the United Kingdom and Germany are the only ones in the world to impose such a tax on banks that can not be cons-productive to the competitiveness of these countries. French banks, in any case, can not afford both to finance the economy, maintain a buffer of high security into equity while financing the budget deficit.

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Anne-Marie Couderc, the current deputy director with the CEO of Lagardere Active, will be the candidate for the succession of Remy Plflimlin to head Presstalis (ex NMPP). After several days of hesitation and consideration, Anne-Marie Couderc will be the candidate of "consensus" by the Lagardere Group, operator of the largest distributor of media with 49% of its capital, to vote on the board of managers under 28 July. Its mandate should however not be limited to one year despite the change, expected by next June, the governance of Presstalis with the withdrawal of Lagardère.

His appointment is hardly surprising payday advance. Broken to the press, Anne-Marie Couderc has the ideal profile.A lawyer by training, she is vice-president of the Supreme Council Courier Press and knows exactly how it works Presstalis.

A time mentioned, the appointment of former senior official Bruno Mettling, rapporteur of the draft revision of the distributor that is the basis of work today, raised a legal issue. Immediately raised by the addition of competitor Presstalis, the Courier Lyons Press (MLP), which threatened a lawsuit in the event its name to Lagardère.

Anne Marie Couderc, asked the Buzz Media Orange-Le Figaro.

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